A puddle that will not go away
Every flat roof holds a little water after rain. That is normal. The question is how long it stays. The National Roofing Contractors Association has a simple test. If water is still there more than 48 hours after rain, in weather that should dry it, it is ponding.
Ponding does not leak on day one. It works slowly. It ages the roof surface, finds every weak seam, and adds weight to the deck. On a Kansas City roof, it also freezes in winter.